It is a tool for measuring the sexual maturity of animals in correlation to ovary development and testes development. Macroscopic and histological processing and staging six adult female and six adult male gonads were randomly selected each month from iiiii and iv age groups. Gonadosomatic index which is an index of gonad size relative to fish size is a good indicator of gonadal development in fish dadzie and wangila, 1980. Fecundity f, gonadosomatic index gsi and hepatosomatic index hsi of salmo trutta fario brown trout at kokernag trout fish farm, anantnag. Keep fish alive as long as possible during transport to the site of necropsy. Using the gonadosomatic index to estimate the maturity.
Reproductive aspects in addition to condition factor, gonadosomatic index gsi and hepatosomatic index hsi were analyzed based on weight of the body length, total body weight and organ weights of the fish. Information on the reproductive biology of some economically important fish species which. Washington university school of medicine, department of otolaryngology, 517 s. Defining the reproductive period of freshwater fish. Time course sampling showed that final oocyte maturation and subsequent ovulation occurred from afternoon to evening on. Gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices of freshwater fish. Hsi is defined as liver weight and fish weight ratio.
Determination of biometry and gonadosomatic index in male. Journal of fish biology volume 43, issue 6 journal of fish biology. Gonadosomatic index in barbus longiceps, capoeta damascina and. Figure 5 gonadosomatic index of terapon puta gonadosomatic index has been considered as reliable estimate for gonad maturity and spawning of any species. Hiramoto department of zoology, university of hawaii at manoa, honolulu, hi 96822, u. Four types of fish feed of 36% protein content d1 fish. Changes in condition factor and gonadosomatic index in. The present study was conducted in spring of 2010 on 36 khramulia specimens caught from each of 1, 2 and 3 years fishes, in the sefidroud river to investigate gonadosomatic index and biometry in this male species. Previous studies have successfully applied various methods based on the gonadosomatic index gsi to improve accuracy in determining maturity stage mcquinn, 1989. Higgs department of biological sciences, university of windsor, 401 sunset. Estimation of fecundity and gonadosomatic index gsi of. Fish a remarkable way to boost morale and improve results kindle edition by lundin, stephen c. Scales were used for determining the ages of samples by read via microfiche reader.
This study showed th time course sampling showed that final oocyte maturation and subsequent ovulation occurred from afternoon to evening on the day of spawning. The gonadosomatic index gsi and blood parameters including red blood cell count rbcs, white blood cell count wbcs, hemoglobin hgb level, hematocrit hct, platelets plt and mean corpuscular volume mcv were investigated. Cut open belly from vent shallow incision, next cut behind gill, open fish and gently remove. All experimental cages contained salmon stocked as smolts in april 2001. The use of hepatic and somatic indices and histological. Gonadosomatic index and testis morphology of common carp. Control of gonad growth, maturation and spawning in teleost. The coefficient of correlations between total length and head length with other body measurements were significant p fish followed a straight line.
Study of gonadosomatic index of fresh water fish cyprinus carpio ashwini g. Tissues in dead fish autolyze quickly and will mask antemortem changes. The results obtained indicated adverse effects on the gonads as well as on liver weight. Study of the gonadosomatic index of an ornamental fish. Gonadosomatic index gsi was a comparison between the gonad weight and the body weight of the fish multipled by 100.
This study showed the interspawning variation in the predicted gsi of japanese anchovy using the gravimetric oocyte packing density method. Fish reproductive investment is the result of essential life history tradeoffs in resource allocation stearns. To study the effect of estrogenic chemicals on fish, the gonadosomatic index gsi testis weightbody weight. Data were obtained from december 2011may 2012 and a total of 1064 indian mackerel specimens were studied in this research. Gonadosomatic index of fish is related to spawning and reproduction of fish. Seasonal changes in hepatosomatic index, gonadosomatic index. The lengthweight relationships of fishes, for example, are important in fish biology because they allow the estimation of the average weight of the fish of a given. Gonadosomatic index gsi was calculated via g x100w t. Gonadosomatic index was elevated in fish exposed to e2 0. Abstract keywords the study was conducted to determine the changes in the gonadosomatic index gsi of an indian major carp, labeo rohita. Histological studies on the gonads of the catfish during. It measures reproductive strain of fishes by measuring general body weight ratios.
These studies allowed immature fish to be separated from spent or recovering fish and identified the degree of maturity for females when. Changes in condition factor cf and gonadosomatic index gsi in maturing and non. Gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices of freshwater. Previous assessments were based exclusively on macroscopic observations, while seasonal variations were analysed only in terms of changes in the gonadosomatic index albaret 1982, montchowui et al. The gonado somatic index gsi is studied for individual matured female fish after lecren 1951, 2 marichamy 1984 4 and wootton 1973, 1982 5, 6.
Longterm exposure, which generally begins early in the reproductive cycle and finishes toward oocyte maturation, has often used gonadosomatic index gsi, oocyte stage, histological examination, or number and viability of ovulated eggs as measures of pollutant effect. The temporal patterns of the gonadosomatic index and various histological indices most advanced oocyte stage, atresia incidence and prevalence, and spawning activity indicated that atlantic sardine were reproductively active. Obtain weights and lengths, place on paper towel and pass to the dissecting crew. While gonado somatic index is the ratio of fish gonad weight to body weight. Gonadosomatic index how is gonadosomatic index abbreviated.
Fish body weight and weight of gonad gives the gonadosomatic index g. Higgs department of biological sciences, university of windsor, 401 sunset avenue, windsor, ontario, n9b 3p4, canada article info abstract article history. Findings of the present study highlighted the importance of fish,s. Study of gonadosomatic index of cyprinid fish, salmostoma. This study described the condition factor, lengthweight relationship, gonadosomatic index and sex ratio of indian mackerel rastrelliger kanagurta which is an important fish in the kuantan coastal water, malaysia. Materials and methods adult male and female african catfish were obtained at two locations in northern israel, i. Calculate gonadosomatic index gsi gonad weight g fish.
Findings of the present study highlighted the importance of fish, s. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of seasonal gonad. To calculate hsi, the weight of liver of fish sample was measured and divided its body weight. The study of biometry and gonadosomatic index is the important indicators of reproduction biology in fishes. We observed that the gonadosomatic index were higher in lew and pgf. Studies on the gonadosomatic index and fecundity of.
Bhat aa 2012 determination of fecundity of schizothorax esocinus from river lidder kashmir. The morphometric and meristic features of the fish were measured. The fish has only one spawning season of short duration, running from july to august as indicated by the peaks of gsi and the. Mishra s and saksena dn 2012 gonadosomatic index and fecundity. Gonadosomatic index as a confounding variable in fish. Babasaheb ambedkar marathwada university, aurangabad. Fisheries research division, godawari, lalitpur, nepal. The gonadosomatic index increased with the maturation of fish and reaches to its maximum at the peak period of maturity. Article pdf available november 2014 with 2,198 reads.
The chinchilla testis has a high seminiferous tubule volume and density leal and franca, 2008. State of gonad maturation and gonadosomatic index values showed that oreochromi niloticus in lake babogaya breeds all year round with peak activities between april to august and during this time needs to manage the lake to use the resource appropriately. While gonadosomatic index is the ratio of fish gonad weight to body weight. Three species also presented reproduction during warming. Little is known about the annual cycle of gonad development in l. Condition, lengthweight relationship, sex ratio and.
Gsi gwtw x 100, in which gw gonad weight and tw fish total. Fecundity f, gonadosomatic index gsi and hepatosomatic index hsi of salmo trutta fario brown trout at kokernag trout fish farm, anantnag, jammu and kashmir was estimated for a period of six months october, 2008 march, 2009. Shorterterm exposures, or in vitro studies, are better for the examination of the specific mechanisms. Fish reproduction was identified during all months of the year. Ganadohepatosomatic index of oreochromis niloticus sub. Monthly assessment was carried out to determine variations in sex ratio, gonadosomatic index gsi, and. Gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices of freshwater fish oreochromis mossambicus in response to a plant nutrient. The mean gonadosomatic index gsi of the male catfish during this season was. It is useful in studies of population dynamics or productivity. Oogenesis, hepatosomatic and gonadosomatic indexes, and sex. The sex ratio, gonadosomatic index, stages of gonadal. Gonadosomatic index gsi of the control and treatment group were respectively 0.
Lengthweight relation, condition factor and gonadosomatic index of. Gonadosomatic index an overview sciencedirect topics. Control of gonad growth, maturation and spawning in teleost fish. Variations in hepatosomatic index hsi and gonadosomatic. Oligosarcus jenynsii started reproduction in winter, but extended spawning to spring early warmingwater reproduction. Gonadosomatic index and fecundity studies are useful for making total population estimates, population dynamics or productivity. Gonad somatic index and feeding habit of selected fish. Reproductive biology of carassius carassius cyprinidae. The seasonal changes in hepatosomatic index hsi, gonadosomatic index gsi and plasma estradiol. Annual correlative changes in gonads and pituitary. Dec 14, 20 the involvement of steroid hormones in the development of gonads was assayed by sampling blood and gonad tissue in 85 females of a. The sex ratio was one male to two females in the pond population studied. Gonadosomatic index gsi and hepatosomatic index hsi were recorded. Seasonal variations in the gonadosomatic index of an indian major carp.
Gonadosomatic index gsi of the fish increases with the maturation of the fish, being maximum during the peak period of maturity and declining abruptly after spawning. A more unconstrained approach, such as the direct use of the gonadosomatic index gsi, is restricted to the description of the seasonal cycle of reproduction. Roush department of biology, texas christian university, fort worth, texas, usa. Evaluating gonadosomatic index as an estimator of reproductive condition in the invasive round goby, neogobius melanostomus jeffrey n. Ganadohepatosomatic index of oreochromis niloticus sub adults exposed to some herbicides due to importance of oreochromis niloticus in aquaculture in nigeria and the importance of the liver and the gonads in fish, the gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes were measured after exposing the fish to different concentrations of gramoxone. Saksena aquatic biology laboratory, school of studies in zoology. Sexual differentiation, gonad development, and spawning seasonality of the hawaiian butterflyfish, chaetodon multicinctus timothy c. Some studies have revealed that high quality of nutrients especially protein and fatty acids could improve gonadosomatic index in fish. Gonadosomatic indexbased size at first sexual maturity and fecundity indices of the indian river shad gudusia chapra clupeidae in the ganges river nw bangladesh.
The gonadosomatic index gsi is widely used as a simple measure of reproductive capacity, but its validity has often been questioned. Gonadosomatic index and seasonal variations of plasma sex. The heavy metal load and pesticide residuals in the fish tissue and water were also measured. Lam department of zoology, national university of singapore kent ridge, singapore 0511 introduction despite their great variety of reproductive strategies, a general characteristic. The gonadosomatic index as well a feeding habit are some of the important biological aspect of fishes that needs to be understood for a successful domestication program, gonadosomatic index plays a significant role in evaluating reproductive potential, maturity index 7 as well as gonadal state of a fish saksena 8. The gonadosomatic index, abbreviated as gsi, is the calculation of the gonad mass as a proportion of the total body mass. Gonadosomatic index of fish increases with maturation being maximum during peak periods of maturity and abruptly declines after spawning. Gudusia chapra, fecundity, gonadosomatic index introduction gudusia chapra, belongs to the family clupeidae is a prolific breeder and one of the most favorite, tasty and commercially important fish in bangladesh.
Histological assessment of gonad maturation in labeo parvus. Gonadosomatic index and fecundity is useful for making total population estimates. Gsi methodology united states fish and wildlife service. The gonadosomatc index gsi is a reliable indicator of changes in nutritional and energy condition of fish 18. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of partial replacement of fishmeal by plant protein sources on gonadosomatic index and hematological factors of african catfish c. The reproductive period was determined according to the monthly variation of the gonadosomatic index gsi. During the present study the fish samples was within the range of. It is the ratio of fish gonad weight to body weight, it is particularly helpful in identifying days and seasons of spawning, as the. Reproductive aspects in addition to condition factor, gonadosomatic index gsi. The gonadosomatic index gsi is studied for individual matured female fish after lecren 1951, 2 marichamy 1984 4 and wootton 1973, 1982 5, 6. Gonadosomatic index % the gonadosomatic index gsi of the sea urchin was calculated as a ratio of the gonad mass to the wholebody wet mass g o n a d o s o m a t i c i n d e x g o n a d w e i g h t t o t a l w e i g h t.
Save nature to survive study of gonadosomatic index. The lc50 value 5000 mg lg1 was obtained and the fishes were exposed to sublethal concentration 250 mg lg1 for the period of 45 days. Gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices of freshwater fish oreochromis mossambicus in response to a plant nutrient article pdf available january 20 with 2,298 reads how we measure reads. Materials and methods this study was performed in recirculating systems, each consisting of four 20 l plastic tanks. The testes are relatively large weir, 1974, and the gonadosomatic index testes massbody weight in the adult chinchilla is relatively high compared to most mammals, but is similar to rats and mice leal and franca, 2008. Gonadosomatic index in barbus longiceps, capoeta damascina and their natural hybrid.
Studies on the fecundity f, gonadosomatic index gsi. Sexual differentiation, gonad development, and spawning. Heaptosomatic index, gonadosomatic index and condition. Analysis on gonadosomatic index and fecundity of terapon. Growth and reproductive performance by different feed types. The liver has a role in the ovarian development, therefore, the hepatosomatic index was correlated with gonadosomatic index. Fecundity expresses the number of eggs laid by a fish in single season.
Gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices of the freshwater fish notopterus notopterus pallas in response to some heavy metal exposure. The gonadosomatic index gsi and blood parameters including red blood cell count. It is the second most important freshwater fish, after tilapia, in africa. Materials and methods the test fish heteropneustes fossilis. Gonadal maturation was monitored by means of gonadosomatic index gsi, gonad weight as a percent of visceral weight. Gonadosomatic index and some hematological parameters in.
The sex ratio, gonadosomatic index, stages of gonadal development and fecundity of sompat grunt pomadasys jubelini off lagos coast, nigeria were investigated. After calculating the % of gsi the period of maturity of fish was divided into following stages quyyam and quasim, 1961 ophiocephalus puntatus. The pool barb, spotfin swamp barb, or stigma barb puntius sophore is a tropical freshwater and brackish fish belonging to the puntius genus in the family cyprinidae. Specifically, it aimed to assess some aspects of the reproductive biology of the two species puntius tumba and anabas testudineus that are endemic and threatened, respectively.
Gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices of the freshwater. Animals are euthanized in a solution of ms222, preferably buffered with baking soda to ph of water the fish came from, or other appropriate anesthetic. Histological studies on the gonads of the catfish during different seasons. It is native to inland waters in asia and is found in india, nepal, bangladesh, myanmar, bhutan, afghanistan, pakistan and. Gonadosomatic index which is an index of gonad size relative to fish size is a good indicator of gonadal development in fish 2 the percentage of body weight of fish that is used for production of eggs is determined by the gonadosomatic index. Estimating size at first maturity l50 from gonadossomatic. Hsi weight of liver of fish body weight of fish x 100. Its abrupt decrease indicates beginning of spawning. The gsi of glyptothorax pectinopterus was found to be highest in june and least in november khanna and pant, 1967 which coincides with the ova diameter as shown in the fig. Gsi is the persentage of gonad weight and fish weight ratio including gonads that expressed gonadal changes quantitatively 14. Studies on gonadosomatic index, fecundity and hatchability of.
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